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Caustic embrittlement
Caustic embrittlement is the phenomenon in which the material of a boiler becomes brittle due to the accumulation of caustic substances.
==Cause==
As water evaporates in the boiler, the concentration of sodium carbonate increases in the boiler. Sodium carbonate is used in softening of water by lime soda process, due to this some sodium carbonate maybe left behind in the water. As the concentration of sodium carbonate increases, it undergoes hydrolysis to form sodium hydroxide.
The presence of sodium hydroxide makes the water alkaline. This alkaline water enters minute cracks present in the inner walls of the boiler by capillary action. Inside the cracks, the water evaporates and amount of hydroxide keeps on increasing progressively. This sodium hydroxide attacks the surrounding material and the dissolves the iron of the boiler as sodium ferrate. This causes embrittlement of boiler parts like rivets, bends and joints, which are under stress.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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